Pacific Community / Communauté du Pacifique
FISHERIES, AQUACULTURE AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
FAME — Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems
New: HoF18 Outcome Statement now available for download View →
Home · Country Portals · Tuvalu

Tuvalu

Polynesia
206
People trained
613
Total participations
134
Training events
749,790km² EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone
9,7272024
Population

Country profile

Population (2024)
9,727
Population (2050)
9,748
EEZ Area
749,790 km²
Land Area
26 km²
Region
Polynesia
Sub-Climate Zone
Northeast Pacific Convergence
51% Male
49% Female

Coastal fisheries snapshot

demersal fish (including snappers, emperors and groupers), invertebrates for sale (e.g. sea cucumbers) and gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. clams), and nearshore pelagic fish (including tuna and flying fish) using a range of fishing methods.

206
Unique people trained
613
Total training participations
134
Distinct training events

Top 5 training topics

Basic MCS&E
80
PIRFO Certificate 3 in Observer Operations
70
PIRFO COVID 19 Protocols for Observers
68
PIRFO Basic observer training
32
PIRFO Certificate 4 in Debriefer Operations
23

Gender participation

479
134

Male participations: 479 (78%) · Female participations: 134 (22%)

Yearly participations (2016–2025)

16171819202122232425
All data from Johnson et al. (2025), Climate Change Vulnerability Summary for Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Country chapter PDF available in the Resources tab.

Projected changes in atmospheric & ocean climate (by 2050)

Relative to 1995-2014 baseline. Regional CMIP6 projections applied to Tuvalu's climate zone (Northeast Pacific Convergence).

Air Temperature
Medium (SSP2-4.5): +0.7 to +1.1 °C
High (SSP5-8.5): +0.9 to +1.6 °C
Annual Rainfall
Medium: -2.3 to +5.5 %
High: -2.8 to +6.4 %
Sea Surface Temp.
Medium: +0.6 to +1.1 °C
High: +0.8 to +1.5 °C
Sea Level Rise
Medium: +0.1 to +0.3 m
High: +0.2 to +0.4 m
Ocean pH
Medium: -0.1 (acidification)
High: -0.1

Coastal fisheries (current vs 2050)

demersal fish (including snappers, emperors and groupers), invertebrates for sale (e.g. sea cucumbers) and gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. clams), and nearshore pelagic fish (including tuna and flying fish) using a range of fishing methods.

Mangrove forest area
Current (2020)
0.1 km²
2050 Medium emissions
0.0%
2050 High emissions
-33.3%
Seagrass meadow area
Current (2020)
0.0 km²
2050 Medium emissions
-0.6%
2050 High emissions
-42.5%
Coral reef area
Current (2020)
1238.2 km²
2050 Medium emissions
-15.7%
2050 High emissions
-19.1%
Coastal fisheries catch
Current (2021)
21,500 t/yr
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Fishery value
Current (2021)
USD 3.2 M/yr
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Oceanic fisheries (current vs 2050)

Tuna fisheries — skipjack, yellowfin, bigeye and albacore. Habitat areas projected to shift with ocean temperature, stratification and oxygen content changes.

Tuna habitat area
Current (current)
232,273 km²
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Oceanic (tuna) catch
Current (2022)
61,427 t
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Fishery value (locally-based)
Current (2022)
USD 0 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Fishery value (foreign-based)
Current (2022)
USD 90.3 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Skipjack biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
+4%
2050 High emissions
-26%
Yellowfin biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
0%
2050 High emissions
-5%
Bigeye biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
-2%
2050 High emissions
-6%

Freshwater & estuarine fisheries (current vs 2050)

Inland fisheries are expected to be affected by changes in rainfall patterns, river flow, and habitat accessibility by 2050.

Fishery catch
Current (2021)
2 t
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Fishery value
Current (2021)
USD 1449
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Aquaculture (current vs 2050)

Mariculture impacted by sea surface temperature, ocean acidification and intense storms. Freshwater aquaculture may benefit from increased freshwater habitat but face disease and temperature pressure.

Main commodities farmed

Giant clams

Annual value
Current (annual)
USD 0.07 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Livelihoods & economies (current vs 2050)

Fisheries and aquaculture provide household income, jobs and government revenue. Climate-driven changes will affect employment and economic contribution.

54%
Households participating in fishing
4.8%
Fisheries & aquaculture contribution to GDP
0%
Fisheries in total national exports
7
Employment in coastal fisheries
125
Employment in oceanic fisheries
USD 93.5M
Total value of fisheries & aquaculture
USD 29M
Government revenue from offshore licence fees

Aquatic food security (current vs 2050)

Aquatic (blue) foods provide an important source of nutrition. Population growth combined with climate impacts may create deficits in fish supply.

Fish consumption per person
Current (current)
67 kg/yr
2050 Medium emissions
106.8 kg/yr
2050 High emissions
102.5 kg/yr
Food security vulnerability: medium

Drivers of impact on fish availability by 2050: 64% climate change · 36% population change

Blue food production systems (current vs 2050)

Blue foods contribute to nutrition security, economies, livelihoods and jobs. Climate impacts on coastal, oceanic, freshwater fisheries and aquaculture together determine the system's resilience.

are most important for nutrition security and health and economies. Compared to other Pacific islands, projected climate impacts to blue food production by 2050 are medium to high.

Climate risk to blue food systems 2050: high

Recommended adaptation: Food & nutrition security

  • Implement sustainable ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management Food and Nutrition 2
  • Promote education and awareness on the importance of protecting aquatic habitats, species and the foods they supply

Recommended adaptation: Sustainable livelihoods

  • Diversify production of fisheries and aquaculture commodities Livelihoods 4

Recommended adaptation: Economies & government revenue

  • Implement climate-informed fisheries management Economic Revenue 2
  • Implement energy efficiency programs for fisheries and aquaculture Economic Revenue 4
  • Maintain the contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to government revenue and economies
  • Climate-proof infrastructure

Community-based Fisheries Management — Tuvalu

Source: Govan & Lalavanua 2022 (SPC), updated from FAO & SPC Outlook 2026. See the regional CBFM Report for full analysis.

100%
Community coverage
High coverage
9
Active CBFM sites
9 / 9
Communities (covered / total)
21
Coastal fisheries staff
Programme: Locally-Managed Marine Areas (LMMA)
Lead agency: Tuvalu Fisheries Department; Falekaupules (island councils)
Tenure status: Substantial community rights — Customary ownership rights over waters, seabed, foreshore and fisheries up to 12 nm
Legal framework: Laws of Tuvalu Act 1987 Sch.1(4) (customary ownership to 12nm); Conservation Areas Act 1999 s.9; Falekaupule Act 1997 ss.53, 40, Sch.3(1)(n)
CBFM scaling strategy: Not yet finalised
100% coverage — all 9 falekaupule jurisdictions have LMMA arrangements.

Coastal fisheries in Tuvalu

demersal fish (including snappers, emperors and groupers), invertebrates for sale (e.g. sea cucumbers) and gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. clams), and nearshore pelagic fish (including tuna and flying fish) using a range of fishing methods.

Detailed coastal fisheries status, community-based fisheries management (CBFM) projects, and per-country indicators from the SPC Coastal Fishery Report Cards are being progressively published. See Resources tab for the most recent annual SPC Coastal Fishery Report Card.

Tuna fisheries in Tuvalu

The Pacific is home to the world's largest tuna fishery, with member countries' EEZs producing over half of the global tuna catch. Tuvalu's EEZ covers 749,790 km², providing significant access to tuna and other oceanic resources.

Per-country tuna fishery indicators (catch, employment, GDP contribution, license revenue) are being extracted from the FFA Tuna Fishery Report Cards and Gillett (2023) Benefish economic study. See Resources tab for the most recent annual FFA Tuna Fishery Report Card.

Fisheries Contributions to Tuvalu's Economy

This section summarises fisheries' contribution to Tuvalu's economy, drawn from Chapter 18 of Benefish Study 4 (Gillett & Fong 2023). The country reports harvest across 5 fishery sectors, with data spanning 1999–2021.
Source: Gillett R. and Fong M. 2023. Fisheries in the economies of Pacific Island countries and territories (Benefish Study 4). Noumea, New Caledonia: Pacific Community. 704 pp.
73.3K t
Total 2021 harvest
All sectors combined
A$129.1M
Total 2021 value
In national currency
Foreign-Based
Largest sector (by value)
A$124.7M in 2021
↑ 76%
Volume change since 1999
2021 vs 1999 baseline

Harvest by sector (1999 → 2021)

Volume and economic value of fisheries production by sector, from successive Benefish studies. Use the toggle to switch between volume (tonnes) and value (A$).

Key findings from Benefish Study 4

18.2 Contribution of fishing to GDP

Current official contribution According to staff of the Central Statistics Division (L. Peleti, per. com. January 2023), the most recent estimation of Tuvalu's GDP was carried out for 2019 (Table 18-4). Fishing contribution to GDP 2,859 2,985 3,113 2,667 Tuvalu GDP 55,549 59,075 64,388 77,938 Fishing contribution as a % of GDP 5.1% 5.1% 4.8% 3.4% Method used to calculate the official fishing contribution to GDP According to staff of the Central Statistics Division (L. Peleti, per. com.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

18.3 Exports of fishery production

The official export statistics of Tuvalu do not have a separate classification for fish, but rather the aggregated category of "Live animals, animal products". In 2021 there were zero exports in that category. There is information on informal fishery exports in Gillett (2016). This consisted of shell necklaces for passengers on departing flights and the informal export of fish as passenger baggage on departing flights.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

18.4 Government revenue from fisheries

Access fees for offshore fishing The 2021 annual report of the Tuvalu Fisheries Department (TFD 2022b) contains a statement that clarifies the access fees for offshore fishing: "The department managed to collect a combined revenue of US$32,296,851.10. The selling of fishing days was the biggest contributor accounting for 89% of the total revenue, fishing licenses 9% and transshipment the least with 2%.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

18.5 Fisheries-related employment

The Tuvalu 2015/16 HIES (SPC and CSD 2018) contains information about fisheries-related employment: • In total, 31.5% of urban households and 72.5% of rural households participate in fishing activities for both cash and subsistence, while 5.1% of urban households and 14% of rural households participate in fishing activities for cash alone. • Fishing activities provide a total A$295,460 in national household cash income.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

18.6 Fish consumption

The following summarises some older studies on fish consumption in Tuvalu: • SCP (1997) stated that annual consumption in Funafuti was in the order of 60.0 kg per capita, and on the outer islands it was, on average, around 120.0 kg per capita, although there was substantial variation between islands. • Preston (2000), using 1995 FAO production, import and export statistics, indicated an apparent per capita fish supply of 85.0 kg per capita per year.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →