Pacific Community / Communauté du Pacifique
FISHERIES, AQUACULTURE AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
FAME — Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems
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Papua New Guinea

Melanesia
375
People trained
1,169
Total participations
180
Training events
2,402,290km² EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone
10,483,0612024
Population

Country profile

Population (2024)
10,483,061
Population (2050)
14,836,287
EEZ Area
2,402,290 km²
Land Area
462,840 km²
Region
Melanesia
Sub-Climate Zone
Australian and Maritime Continent Monsoon
52% Male
48% Female

Coastal fisheries snapshot

demersal fish (including rabbitfish and snappers), invertebrates for export (e.g. sea cucumbers and mud crabs) gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. giant clams and trochus), and nearshore pelagic fish (including trevally) using a range of fishing methods.

375
Unique people trained
1,169
Total training participations
180
Distinct training events

Top 5 training topics

Tilapia
116
PFLP Mini workshops
95
Tag seeding
85
Biological sampling
67
Close Kin Marked Recapture technique
67

Gender participation

894
275

Male participations: 894 (76%) · Female participations: 275 (24%)

Yearly participations (2016–2025)

16171819202122232425
All data from Johnson et al. (2025), Climate Change Vulnerability Summary for Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Country chapter PDF available in the Resources tab.

Projected changes in atmospheric & ocean climate (by 2050)

Relative to 1995-2014 baseline. Regional CMIP6 projections applied to Papua New Guinea's climate zone (Australian and Maritime Continent Monsoon).

Air Temperature
Medium (SSP2-4.5): +0.7 to +1.1 °C
High (SSP5-8.5): +0.9 to +1.6 °C
Annual Rainfall
Medium: -2.3 to +5.5 %
High: -2.8 to +6.4 %
Sea Surface Temp.
Medium: +0.6 to +1.1 °C
High: +0.8 to +1.5 °C
Sea Level Rise
Medium: +0.1 to +0.3 m
High: +0.2 to +0.4 m
Ocean pH
Medium: -0.1 (acidification)
High: -0.1

Coastal fisheries (current vs 2050)

demersal fish (including rabbitfish and snappers), invertebrates for export (e.g. sea cucumbers and mud crabs) gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. giant clams and trochus), and nearshore pelagic fish (including trevally) using a range of fishing methods.

Mangrove forest area
Current (2020)
4524.7 km²
2050 Medium emissions
-49.8%
2050 High emissions
-55.5%
Seagrass meadow area
Current (2020)
44524.7 km²
2050 Medium emissions
-16.4%
2050 High emissions
-14.5%
Coral reef area
Current (2020)
6879347.4 km²
2050 Medium emissions
-20.7%
2050 High emissions
-23.5%
Coastal fisheries catch
Current (2021)
46,000 t/yr
2050 Medium emissions
-2.1%
2050 High emissions
-2.6%
Fishery value
Current (2021)
USD 98.6 M/yr
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Oceanic fisheries (current vs 2050)

Tuna fisheries — skipjack, yellowfin, bigeye and albacore. Habitat areas projected to shift with ocean temperature, stratification and oxygen content changes.

Tuna habitat area
Current (current)
2,293,845 km²
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Oceanic (tuna) catch
Current (2022)
712,236 t
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Fishery value (locally-based)
Current (2022)
USD 204.8 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Fishery value (foreign-based)
Current (2022)
USD 208.5 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Skipjack biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
-19%
2050 High emissions
-8%
Yellowfin biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
-14%
2050 High emissions
-4%
Bigeye biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
-6%
2050 High emissions
+17%

Freshwater & estuarine fisheries (current vs 2050)

Inland fisheries are expected to be affected by changes in rainfall patterns, river flow, and habitat accessibility by 2050.

Fishery catch
Current (2021)
23,000 t
2050 Medium emissions
+0.6%
2050 High emissions
+2.6%
Fishery value
Current (2021)
USD 36.7
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Aquaculture (current vs 2050)

Mariculture impacted by sea surface temperature, ocean acidification and intense storms. Freshwater aquaculture may benefit from increased freshwater habitat but face disease and temperature pressure.

Main commodities farmed

freshwater prawns (Machrobrachium spp

Annual production
Current (annual)
850 t
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Annual value
Current (annual)
USD 8.0 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Livelihoods & economies (current vs 2050)

Fisheries and aquaculture provide household income, jobs and government revenue. Climate-driven changes will affect employment and economic contribution.

23%
Households participating in fishing
0.8%
Fisheries & aquaculture contribution to GDP
765
Employment in coastal fisheries
765
Employment in oceanic fisheries
USD 552.1M
Total value of fisheries & aquaculture
USD 111M
Government revenue from offshore licence fees

Aquatic food security (current vs 2050)

Aquatic (blue) foods provide an important source of nutrition. Population growth combined with climate impacts may create deficits in fish supply.

Fish consumption per person
Current (current)
19 kg/yr
2050 Medium emissions
3.6 kg/yr
2050 High emissions
3.4 kg/yr
Projected fish deficit per person
Current (current)
0 kg/yr
2050 Medium emissions
-15.3 kg/yr
2050 High emissions
-15.5 kg/yr
Food security vulnerability: high

Drivers of impact on fish availability by 2050: 35% climate change · 65% population change

Blue food production systems (current vs 2050)

Blue foods contribute to nutrition security, economies, livelihoods and jobs. Climate impacts on coastal, oceanic, freshwater fisheries and aquaculture together determine the system's resilience.

make key contributions to nutrition and livelihoods. Compared to other Pacific islands, projected climate impacts to blue food production by 2050 are medium to high.

Climate risk to blue food systems 2050: high

Recommended adaptation: Food & nutrition security

  • Implement sustainable ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management Food and Nutrition 2
  • Manage freshwater and estuarine fisheries to harness opportunities Food and Nutrition 4
  • Promote the use of oceanic catches to fill the gap in aquatic resources needed for food and nutrition security
  • Promote education and awareness on the importance of protecting aquatic habitats, species and the foods they supply

Recommended adaptation: Sustainable livelihoods

  • Apply innovative technologies and climate-smart tools for pond aquaculture and mariculture Livelihoods 3
  • Improve technical and business viability of fisheries Livelihoods 5

Recommended adaptation: Economies & government revenue

  • Implement climate-informed fisheries management Economic Revenue 2
  • Implement energy efficiency programs for fisheries and aquaculture Economic Revenue 4
  • Climate-proof infrastructure

Community-based Fisheries Management — Papua New Guinea

Source: Govan & Lalavanua 2022 (SPC), updated from FAO & SPC Outlook 2026. See the regional CBFM Report for full analysis.

1%
Community coverage
Limited / starting
32
Active CBFM sites
37 / 4000
Communities (covered / total)
n/a
Coastal fisheries staff
Programme: Community, ward or customary plans
Lead agency: National Fisheries Agency (NFA); Provincial fisheries departments
Tenure status: Substantial community rights — Customary ownership of fisheries resources; confused interpretation in practice
Legal framework: Fisheries Management Act 1998 (s.26: customary ownership of fisheries resources)
CBFM scaling strategy: Not yet finalised
⚠ Note: Identified in 2026 Outlook as critical for high-level stakeholder attention.
Accounts for 75% of regional population. Site-based CBFM cannot reach the ~4,000 coastal communities — enabling environment is essential.

Coastal fisheries in Papua New Guinea

demersal fish (including rabbitfish and snappers), invertebrates for export (e.g. sea cucumbers and mud crabs) gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. giant clams and trochus), and nearshore pelagic fish (including trevally) using a range of fishing methods.

Detailed coastal fisheries status, community-based fisheries management (CBFM) projects, and per-country indicators from the SPC Coastal Fishery Report Cards are being progressively published. See Resources tab for the most recent annual SPC Coastal Fishery Report Card.

Tuna fisheries in Papua New Guinea

The Pacific is home to the world's largest tuna fishery, with member countries' EEZs producing over half of the global tuna catch. Papua New Guinea's EEZ covers 2,402,290 km², providing significant access to tuna and other oceanic resources.

Per-country tuna fishery indicators (catch, employment, GDP contribution, license revenue) are being extracted from the FFA Tuna Fishery Report Cards and Gillett (2023) Benefish economic study. See Resources tab for the most recent annual FFA Tuna Fishery Report Card.

Fisheries Contributions to Papua New Guinea's Economy

This section summarises fisheries' contribution to Papua New Guinea's economy, drawn from Chapter 14 of Benefish Study 4 (Gillett & Fong 2023). The country reports harvest across 6 fishery sectors, with data spanning 1999–2021.
Source: Gillett R. and Fong M. 2023. Fisheries in the economies of Pacific Island countries and territories (Benefish Study 4). Noumea, New Caledonia: Pacific Community. 704 pp.
401.7K t
Total 2021 harvest
All sectors combined
K1.94B
Total 2021 value
In national currency
Foreign-Based
Largest sector (by value)
K732.0M in 2021
↑ 141%
Volume change since 1999
2021 vs 1999 baseline

Harvest by sector (1999 → 2021)

Volume and economic value of fisheries production by sector, from successive Benefish studies. Use the toggle to switch between volume (tonnes) and value (K).

Key findings from Benefish Study 4

14.2 Contribution of fishing to GDP

Current official contribution The official contribution of fishing to PNG's GDP is given in NSO (2021b). That information, supplemented by unpublished data from NSO, is used to construct Table 14-6. Gross output fishing 846 1042 1,194 1,795 2,103 2,287 2,327 n/a Value added fishing 540 625 717 944 1,072 1,157 1,196 1,264 Formal fishing 93 140 199 389 468 507 500 511 Informal fishing 447 485 518 555 604 651 696 753 PNG GDP 47,721 57,131 60,139 65,038 72,522 79,405 83,845 82,500 Value added fishing as % of PNG GDP 1.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.4% 1.5% Current prices; Units = Kina millions It the above table, formal fishing is defined as fishing by goods and services tax (GST)-paying businesses, while informal fishing includes fishing for informal markets and fishing for subsistence (V. Nouairi, per. com. October 2022).

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

14.3 Exports of fishery production

The Papua New Guinea Fisheries Sector Executive Overview (NFA 2022b) gives the fishery exports of the country (Table 14-9). Product Value in millions of Kina and millions of USD 2018 2019 2020 PGK USD PGK USD PGK USD Beche-de-mer 93.55 28.22 3.38 1.02 32.2 9.4 Crab 6.28 1.90 10.99 3.32 6.6 1.9 Fish (frozen, live, dried maw) 1.44 0.43 2.38 0.72 2.3 0.7 Lobster (frozen, live) 8.67 2.62 14.51 4.46 12.3 3.6 Shark (dried shark fin) 2.27 0.68 2.87 0.86 2.0 0.6 Shell (whole, dried) 1.54 0.47 2.34 0.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

14.4 Government revenue from fisheries

Access fees for offshore fishing The Papua New Guinea Fisheries Sector Executive Overview (NFA 2022b) provides information on fisheries revenue at the national level. It states that NFA has generated over K500 million on average per annum over the period 2020–2022 (about K525 for 2021), which is made up of access fees (94% of the fisheries revenue), license fees (3%) and others (3%).

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

14.5 Fisheries-related employment

The major historical attempts to estimate employment in PNG's small-scale fisheries have been: • A United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) report (1994) indicates that the coastal fishing population (those who are involved in some fishing activity at least once a week) is about 120,000. People involved in freshwater fishing (those who do some fishing at least once per week) number somewhat less than 125,000.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

14.6 Fish consumption

Preston (2001) summarises the older information on fish6 consumption in PNG, as follows: • Most documents and reports on nutrition in PNG focus on agriculture and animal husbandry and pay little attention to fish. Nevertheless, fish play an important role in food security, particularly in certain areas. On average, Papua New Guineans were estimated (Gibson 2000) to have consumed 10 kg of fresh, frozen or dried fish per capita, with a total value of K 60 million, in 1996.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →