Pacific Community / Communauté du Pacifique
FISHERIES, AQUACULTURE AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
FAME — Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems
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Guam

Micronesia
3
People trained
17
Total participations
10
Training events
221,504km² EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone
167,1552024
Population

Country profile

Population (2024)
167,155
Population (2050)
191,099
EEZ Area
221,504 km²
Land Area
540 km²
Region
Micronesia
Sub-Climate Zone
Northwest Tropical Pacific
51% Male
49% Female

Coastal fisheries snapshot

demersal fish (including goatfish, convict tangs, parrotfish and unicornfish), invertebrates gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. trochus and octopus), and nearshore pelagic fish (including tuna, wahoo and mahi mahi) primarily by trolling and spearfishing.

3
Unique people trained
17
Total training participations
10
Distinct training events

Top 5 training topics

Community based fisheries management workshop
6
Aquatic biosecurity and aquatic animal health
2
Data management training
2
Stock assessment workshop - Introduction
2
Climate Awareness Workshop CLAW
2

Gender participation

13
4

Male participations: 13 (76%) · Female participations: 4 (24%)

Yearly participations (2016–2025)

16171819202122232425
All data from Johnson et al. (2025), Climate Change Vulnerability Summary for Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Country chapter PDF available in the Resources tab.

Projected changes in atmospheric & ocean climate (by 2050)

Relative to 1995-2014 baseline. Regional CMIP6 projections applied to Guam's climate zone (Northwest Tropical Pacific).

Air Temperature
Medium (SSP2-4.5): +0.7 to +1.1 °C
High (SSP5-8.5): +0.9 to +1.6 °C
Annual Rainfall
Medium: -2.3 to +5.5 %
High: -2.8 to +6.4 %
Sea Surface Temp.
Medium: +0.6 to +1.1 °C
High: +0.8 to +1.5 °C
Sea Level Rise
Medium: +0.1 to +0.3 m
High: +0.2 to +0.4 m
Ocean pH
Medium: -0.1 (acidification)
High: -0.1

Coastal fisheries (current vs 2050)

demersal fish (including goatfish, convict tangs, parrotfish and unicornfish), invertebrates gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. trochus and octopus), and nearshore pelagic fish (including tuna, wahoo and mahi mahi) primarily by trolling and spearfishing.

Mangrove forest area
Current (2020)
0.5 km²
2050 Medium emissions
-30.2%
2050 High emissions
-33.9%
Seagrass meadow area
Current (2020)
476.2 km²
2050 Medium emissions
0.0%
2050 High emissions
560.0%
Coral reef area
Current (2020)
225.9 km²
2050 Medium emissions
-45.9%
2050 High emissions
-52.0%
Coastal fisheries catch
Current (2021)
56 t/yr
2050 Medium emissions
+24.5%
2050 High emissions
+33.3%
Fishery value
Current (2021)
USD 0.3 M/yr
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Oceanic fisheries (current vs 2050)

Tuna fisheries — skipjack, yellowfin, bigeye and albacore. Habitat areas projected to shift with ocean temperature, stratification and oxygen content changes.

Tuna habitat area
Current (current)
165,830 km²
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Oceanic (tuna) catch
Current (2022)
205 t
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Fishery value (locally-based)
Current (2022)
USD 0 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Skipjack biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
+29%
2050 High emissions
+17%
Yellowfin biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
+3%
2050 High emissions
-1%
Bigeye biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
+4%
2050 High emissions
+2%

Freshwater & estuarine fisheries (current vs 2050)

Inland fisheries are expected to be affected by changes in rainfall patterns, river flow, and habitat accessibility by 2050.

Fishery catch
Current (2021)
3 t
2050 Medium emissions
+0.5%
2050 High emissions
+2.0%
Fishery value
Current (2021)
USD 12,000
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Aquaculture (current vs 2050)

Mariculture impacted by sea surface temperature, ocean acidification and intense storms. Freshwater aquaculture may benefit from increased freshwater habitat but face disease and temperature pressure.

Main commodities farmed

rabbitfish, marine shrimp and freshwater eels, which provide food, local livelihoods and jobs, and generate government revenue

Annual production
Current (annual)
108 t
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Annual value
Current (annual)
USD 0.05 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Livelihoods & economies (current vs 2050)

Fisheries and aquaculture provide household income, jobs and government revenue. Climate-driven changes will affect employment and economic contribution.

49%
Households participating in fishing
0.01%
Fisheries & aquaculture contribution to GDP
USD 0.8M
Total value of fisheries & aquaculture
USD 0M
Government revenue from offshore licence fees

Aquatic food security (current vs 2050)

Aquatic (blue) foods provide an important source of nutrition. Population growth combined with climate impacts may create deficits in fish supply.

Fish consumption per person
Current (current)
24 kg/yr
2050 Medium emissions
0.2 kg/yr
2050 High emissions
0.1 kg/yr
Projected fish deficit per person
Current (current)
0 kg/yr
2050 Medium emissions
-23.6 kg/yr
2050 High emissions
-23.7 kg/yr
Food security vulnerability: high

Drivers of impact on fish availability by 2050: 75% climate change · 25% population change

Blue food production systems (current vs 2050)

Blue foods contribute to nutrition security, economies, livelihoods and jobs. Climate impacts on coastal, oceanic, freshwater fisheries and aquaculture together determine the system's resilience.

make key contributions to nutrition and livelihoods. Compared to other Pacific islands, projected climate impacts to blue food production by 2050 are medium to high.

Climate risk to blue food systems 2050: high

Recommended adaptation: Food & nutrition security

  • Implement sustainable ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management Food and Nutrition 2
  • Diversify blue food production systems Food and Nutrition 5
  • Promote education and awareness on the importance of protecting aquatic habitats, species and the foods they supply

Recommended adaptation: Sustainable livelihoods

  • Diversify production of fisheries and aquaculture commodities Livelihoods 4
  • Develop sustainable marine and coastal tourism

Recommended adaptation: Economies & government revenue

  • Implement energy efficiency programs for fisheries and aquaculture Economic Revenue 4
  • Maintain the contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to government revenue and economies
  • Climate-proof infrastructure

Community-based Fisheries Management — Guam

Source: Govan & Lalavanua 2022 (SPC), updated from FAO & SPC Outlook 2026. See the regional CBFM Report for full analysis.

0%
Community coverage
Limited / starting
0
Active CBFM sites
0 / 13
Communities (covered / total)
7
Coastal fisheries staff
Programme: No co-management currently
Lead agency: Department of Agriculture — Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources (DAWR)
Tenure status: State-only / unclear — State-owned waters, no formal community fisher rights
Legal framework: US Code of Federal Regulations 50 CAP.6 Part.665; Guam Code Annotated 5 CAP.63; Guam Administrative Rules 9 CAP.12
CBFM scaling strategy: Not yet finalised
Top-down fisheries management; CBFM not currently practised. CBFM may have limited applicability.

Coastal fisheries in Guam

demersal fish (including goatfish, convict tangs, parrotfish and unicornfish), invertebrates gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. trochus and octopus), and nearshore pelagic fish (including tuna, wahoo and mahi mahi) primarily by trolling and spearfishing.

Detailed coastal fisheries status, community-based fisheries management (CBFM) projects, and per-country indicators from the SPC Coastal Fishery Report Cards are being progressively published. See Resources tab for the most recent annual SPC Coastal Fishery Report Card.

Tuna fisheries in Guam

The Pacific is home to the world's largest tuna fishery, with member countries' EEZs producing over half of the global tuna catch. Guam's EEZ covers 221,504 km², providing significant access to tuna and other oceanic resources.

Per-country tuna fishery indicators (catch, employment, GDP contribution, license revenue) are being extracted from the FFA Tuna Fishery Report Cards and Gillett (2023) Benefish economic study. See Resources tab for the most recent annual FFA Tuna Fishery Report Card.

Fisheries Contributions to Guam's Economy

This section summarises fisheries' contribution to Guam's economy, drawn from Chapter 22 of Benefish Study 4 (Gillett & Fong 2023). The country reports harvest across 4 fishery sectors, with data spanning 1999–2021.
Source: Gillett R. and Fong M. 2023. Fisheries in the economies of Pacific Island countries and territories (Benefish Study 4). Noumea, New Caledonia: Pacific Community. 704 pp.
158 t
Total 2021 harvest
All sectors combined
US$772.4K
Total 2021 value
In national currency
Aquaculture
Largest sector (by value)
US$433.0K in 2021

Harvest by sector (1999 → 2021)

Volume and economic value of fisheries production by sector, from successive Benefish studies. Use the toggle to switch between volume (tonnes) and value (US$).

Key findings from Benefish Study 4

22.2 Contribution of fishing to GDP

Current official contribution The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce makes estimates of the GDP of Guam under the Statistical Improvement Program, funded by the Office of Insular Affairs of the U.S. Department of the Interior. 346 Fisheries in the Economies of Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (Benefish Study 4) The BEA estimated that the GDP of Guam was US$5,886 million in 2020 and US$6,123 million in 2021.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

22.3 Exports of fishery production

Given that Guam has a large amount of tourism and military activity and a small fisheries sector, the fishery exports of Guam have limited economic importance. Determining the precise quantity is difficult because sometimes bona fide fisheries exports are aggregated in the statistics with the transshipped catch of foreign longliners that make port calls in Guam.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

22.4 Government revenue from fisheries

Access fees for offshore fishing There is currently no authorised foreign fishing in the Guam zone, and therefore no access fees are paid by foreign vessels. United States vessels are considered to be domestic vessels. There are no access fees for domestic vessels. Other government revenue from fisheries Any fishing licensing fees paid by vessels based in Guam go to U.S. government agencies, rather than to the Government of Guam.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

22.5 Fisheries-related employment

There is very little new information on fisheries-related employment in Guam. Some of the historical studies are: • Van Beukering (2007) gives the results of a household survey covering 400 local residents aimed at determining the nature and level of the value of Guam's coral reefs. The report states that approximately 40% of local residents fish on a regular basis, which was identified to be more important as a social activity than as an income-generating activity.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

22.6 Fish consumption

Several older studies provide information on per capita fish consumption, summarised below: • Gillett and Preston (1997) estimated that the production from coastal fisheries (commercial and subsistence) in Guam in the early 1990s represented an annual per capita fish supply of 4.4 kg. • Van Beukering (2007) shows that most households consume fish approximately twice a week. This has not changed a great deal in the last decade.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →