Pacific Community / Communauté du Pacifique
FISHERIES, AQUACULTURE AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
FAME — Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems
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Fiji

Melanesia
988
People trained
2,106
Total participations
293
Training events
1,282,980km² EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone
926,5442024
Population

Country profile

Population (2024)
926,544
Population (2050)
999,936
EEZ Area
1,282,980 km²
Land Area
18,333 km²
Region
Melanesia
Sub-Climate Zone
Southwest Pacific Convergence
50% Male
50% Female

Coastal fisheries snapshot

demersal fish (including emperors, snappers, parrotfish and rabbitfish), invertebrates for export (e.g. sea cucumbers) and gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. giant clams), and nearshore pelagic fish (including trevally and barracuda) using a range of fishing methods.

988
Unique people trained
2,106
Total training participations
293
Distinct training events

Top 5 training topics

Tilapia
385
PFLP Mini workshops
186
Small Fishing Operations
104
GSI for fisheries stakeholders
96
Creel and market surveys
68

Gender participation

1,330
776

Male participations: 1,330 (63%) · Female participations: 776 (37%)

Yearly participations (2016–2025)

16171819202122232425
All data from Johnson et al. (2025), Climate Change Vulnerability Summary for Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Country chapter PDF available in the Resources tab.

Projected changes in atmospheric & ocean climate (by 2050)

Relative to 1995-2014 baseline. Regional CMIP6 projections applied to Fiji's climate zone (Southwest Pacific Convergence).

Air Temperature
Medium (SSP2-4.5): +0.7 to +1.1 °C
High (SSP5-8.5): +0.9 to +1.6 °C
Annual Rainfall
Medium: -2.3 to +5.5 %
High: -2.8 to +6.4 %
Sea Surface Temp.
Medium: +0.6 to +1.1 °C
High: +0.8 to +1.5 °C
Sea Level Rise
Medium: +0.1 to +0.3 m
High: +0.2 to +0.4 m
Ocean pH
Medium: -0.1 (acidification)
High: -0.1

Coastal fisheries (current vs 2050)

demersal fish (including emperors, snappers, parrotfish and rabbitfish), invertebrates for export (e.g. sea cucumbers) and gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. giant clams), and nearshore pelagic fish (including trevally and barracuda) using a range of fishing methods.

Mangrove forest area
Current (2020)
488.1 km²
2050 Medium emissions
-22.6%
2050 High emissions
-29.1%
Seagrass meadow area
Current (2020)
6488.1 km²
2050 Medium emissions
-4.6%
2050 High emissions
-5.2%
Coral reef area
Current (2020)
71745.6 km²
2050 Medium emissions
-17.5%
2050 High emissions
-19.8%
Coastal fisheries catch
Current (2021)
30,100 t/yr
2050 Medium emissions
+13.3%
2050 High emissions
+13.7%
Fishery value
Current (2021)
USD 65.1 M/yr
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Oceanic fisheries (current vs 2050)

Tuna fisheries — skipjack, yellowfin, bigeye and albacore. Habitat areas projected to shift with ocean temperature, stratification and oxygen content changes.

Tuna habitat area
Current (current)
1,049,795 km²
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Oceanic (tuna) catch
Current (2022)
8163 t
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Fishery value (locally-based)
Current (2022)
USD 39.9 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Fishery value (foreign-based)
Current (2022)
USD 0 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Skipjack biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
+20%
2050 High emissions
+10%
Yellowfin biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
+7%
2050 High emissions
+2%
Bigeye biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
+1%
2050 High emissions
-2%
Albacore biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
-10%
2050 High emissions
-34%

Freshwater & estuarine fisheries (current vs 2050)

Inland fisheries are expected to be affected by changes in rainfall patterns, river flow, and habitat accessibility by 2050.

Fishery catch
Current (2021)
4000 t
2050 Medium emissions
+2.4%
2050 High emissions
+2.6%
Fishery value
Current (2021)
USD 3,301,887
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Aquaculture (current vs 2050)

Mariculture impacted by sea surface temperature, ocean acidification and intense storms. Freshwater aquaculture may benefit from increased freshwater habitat but face disease and temperature pressure.

Main commodities farmed

freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium spp

Annual production
Current (annual)
351 t
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Annual value
Current (annual)
USD 2.582 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Livelihoods & economies (current vs 2050)

Fisheries and aquaculture provide household income, jobs and government revenue. Climate-driven changes will affect employment and economic contribution.

42%
Households participating in fishing
1.4%
Fisheries & aquaculture contribution to GDP
3210
Employment in coastal fisheries
3210
Employment in oceanic fisheries
USD 111.1M
Total value of fisheries & aquaculture
USD 2M
Government revenue from offshore licence fees

Aquatic food security (current vs 2050)

Aquatic (blue) foods provide an important source of nutrition. Population growth combined with climate impacts may create deficits in fish supply.

Fish consumption per person
Current (current)
41 kg/yr
2050 Medium emissions
31.6 kg/yr
2050 High emissions
30.7 kg/yr
Projected fish deficit per person
Current (current)
0 kg/yr
2050 Medium emissions
-9.8 kg/yr
2050 High emissions
-10.6 kg/yr
Food security vulnerability: high

Drivers of impact on fish availability by 2050: 56% climate change · 44% population change

Blue food production systems (current vs 2050)

Blue foods contribute to nutrition security, economies, livelihoods and jobs. Climate impacts on coastal, oceanic, freshwater fisheries and aquaculture together determine the system's resilience.

make key contributions to nutrition and economies. Compared to other Pacific islands, projected climate impacts to blue food production by 2050 are medium to high.

Climate risk to blue food systems 2050: medium

Recommended adaptation: Food & nutrition security

  • Implement sustainable ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management Food and Nutrition 2
  • Manage freshwater and estuarine fisheries to harness opportunities Food and Nutrition 4
  • Promote education and awareness on the importance of protecting aquatic habitats, species and the foods they supply

Recommended adaptation: Sustainable livelihoods

  • Diversify aquaculture commodities and develop new farmed climate-resilient species, strains and varieties
  • Apply innovative technologies and climate-smart tools for pond aquaculture and mariculture Livelihoods 3

Recommended adaptation: Economies & government revenue

  • Implement climate-informed fisheries management Economic Revenue 2
  • Implement energy efficiency programs for fisheries and aquaculture Economic Revenue 4
  • Climate-proof infrastructure

Community-based Fisheries Management — Fiji

Source: Govan & Lalavanua 2022 (SPC), updated from FAO & SPC Outlook 2026. See the regional CBFM Report for full analysis.

51%
Community coverage
High coverage
89
Active CBFM sites
437 / 850
Communities (covered / total)
50
Coastal fisheries staff
Programme: Locally-Managed Marine Areas (LMMA/FLMMA)
Lead agency: Ministry of Fisheries
Tenure status: Substantial community rights — Customary rights over traditional fishing grounds (iqoliqoli); communities prefer non-gazetted LMMAs to retain flexibility
Legal framework: Fisheries Act 1941 (amended); Offshore Fisheries Management Act 2012; Fisheries (Amendment) Act 2025; iTaukei Lands Act 1905
CBFM scaling strategy: Not yet finalised
FLMMA Network has 437 villages engaged. Coastal fisheries licence permits require consultation with customary rights holders.

Coastal fisheries in Fiji

demersal fish (including emperors, snappers, parrotfish and rabbitfish), invertebrates for export (e.g. sea cucumbers) and gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. giant clams), and nearshore pelagic fish (including trevally and barracuda) using a range of fishing methods.

Detailed coastal fisheries status, community-based fisheries management (CBFM) projects, and per-country indicators from the SPC Coastal Fishery Report Cards are being progressively published. See Resources tab for the most recent annual SPC Coastal Fishery Report Card.

Tuna fisheries in Fiji

The Pacific is home to the world's largest tuna fishery, with member countries' EEZs producing over half of the global tuna catch. Fiji's EEZ covers 1,282,980 km², providing significant access to tuna and other oceanic resources.

Per-country tuna fishery indicators (catch, employment, GDP contribution, license revenue) are being extracted from the FFA Tuna Fishery Report Cards and Gillett (2023) Benefish economic study. See Resources tab for the most recent annual FFA Tuna Fishery Report Card.

Fisheries Contributions to Fiji's Economy

This section summarises fisheries' contribution to Fiji's economy, drawn from Chapter 8 of Benefish Study 4 (Gillett & Fong 2023). The country reports harvest across 6 fishery sectors, with data spanning 1999–2021.
Source: Gillett R. and Fong M. 2023. Fisheries in the economies of Pacific Island countries and territories (Benefish Study 4). Noumea, New Caledonia: Pacific Community. 704 pp.
45.3K t
Total 2021 harvest
All sectors combined
F$235.6M
Total 2021 value
In national currency
Locally Based
Largest sector (by value)
F$84.6M in 2021
↑ 21%
Volume change since 1999
2021 vs 1999 baseline

Harvest by sector (1999 → 2021)

Volume and economic value of fisheries production by sector, from successive Benefish studies. Use the toggle to switch between volume (tonnes) and value (F$).

Fishing contribution to GDP

Official contribution of fishing (and aquaculture, where included) to Fiji's GDP, in F$ (millions). The line shows the percentage of total GDP.

Key findings from Benefish Study 4

8.2 Contribution of fishing to GDP

Current official contribution The official contribution of fishing and aquaculture to Fiji's GDP in recent years is given in Table 8-6. Fishing & aquaculture 91.2 83.6 77.4 66.8 Fiji GDP 11,650.6 11,842.6 9,709.8 8,895.9 Fishing & aquaculture as % of GDP 0.78% 0.71% 0.80% 0.75% Upon enquiry to the Fiji Bureau of Statistics, the gross output, intermediate costs and value added were provided for the four years (Table 8-7).

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

8.3 Exports of fishery production

Table 8-10 gives the value of fish exports from Fiji for the period 2015 through 2021 and compares the amounts to all exports of the country. The table covers product category Harmonized System (HS) code HS 036, which is defined to be "fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates". HS 03 exports Total exports HS 03 as % of total exports Thousands of F$ 2015 83,272 1,150,969 7.23 2016 112,727 1,136,092 9.92 2017 90,758 1,192,862 7.61 2018 84,278 1,174,971 7.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

8.4 Government revenue from fisheries

Access fees for offshore fishing The only foreign vessels licensed to fish in Fiji's zone are U.S. purse seiners under the multilateral treaty to which Fiji is a party.7 Their fishing in the Fiji zone is sporadic and minimal (e.g. 162 t in 2013). As no foreign-based offshore catches in 2020 and 2021 were reported to have been made in the country's EEZ in Fiji's report to the WCPFC Scientific Committee, it is assumed that no foreign-based tuna catches were made during those years.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

8.5 Fisheries-related employment

Starkhouse (2009) appears to be the most methodical study of employment in Fiji's coastal fisheries in the last two decades. That study estimates the number of (a) subsistence fishers in the country to be about 23,000, (b) fulltime artisanal fishers to be about 5,000 and (c) part-time artisanal fishers to be 12,000. By contrast, an Asian Development Bank (ADB) study (Hand et al.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

8.6 Fish consumption

The following summarise some of the results of earlier studies on fish consumption in Fiji: • The Fisheries Division (2000) gives per capita seafood consumption based on the official production data divided by the Fiji population. The results show that in 1999 the rate was 56.0 kg, of which subsistence fishery provided 46%. • Preston (2000) used 1995 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) production, import and export information to estimate a per capita supply of fish in Fiji of 50.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →