Pacific Community / Communauté du Pacifique
FISHERIES, AQUACULTURE AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
FAME — Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems
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American Samoa

Polynesia
10
People trained
73
Total participations
28
Training events
404,391km² EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone
47,1402024
Population

Country profile

Population (2024)
47,140
Population (2050)
37,623
EEZ Area
404,391 km²
Land Area
200 km²
Region
Polynesia
Sub-Climate Zone
Southwest Pacific Convergence
51% Male
49% Female

Coastal fisheries snapshot

demersal fish (including snapper, jobfish, emperor, surgeonfish, parrotfish and jacks), invertebrates (e.g. palolo) and species gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. octopus), and nearshore pelagic fish (including tuna and wahoo) using a range of fishing methods.

10
Unique people trained
73
Total training participations
28
Distinct training events

Top 5 training topics

Socioeconomic surveys
16
FAD monitoring data collection
10
Community based fisheries management workshop
8
Stock assessment workshop - Introduction
6
PFLP Mini workshops
5

Gender participation

35
37

Male participations: 35 (48%) · Female participations: 37 (51%)

Yearly participations (2016–2025)

16171819202122232425
All data from Johnson et al. (2025), Climate Change Vulnerability Summary for Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Country chapter PDF available in the Resources tab.

Projected changes in atmospheric & ocean climate (by 2050)

Relative to 1995-2014 baseline. Regional CMIP6 projections applied to American Samoa's climate zone (Southwest Pacific Convergence).

Air Temperature
Medium (SSP2-4.5): +0.7 to +1.1 °C
High (SSP5-8.5): +0.9 to +1.6 °C
Annual Rainfall
Medium: -2.3 to +5.5 %
High: -2.8 to +6.4 %
Sea Surface Temp.
Medium: +0.6 to +1.1 °C
High: +0.8 to +1.5 °C
Sea Level Rise
Medium: +0.1 to +0.3 m
High: +0.2 to +0.4 m
Ocean pH
Medium: -0.1 (acidification)
High: -0.1

Coastal fisheries (current vs 2050)

demersal fish (including snapper, jobfish, emperor, surgeonfish, parrotfish and jacks), invertebrates (e.g. palolo) and species gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. octopus), and nearshore pelagic fish (including tuna and wahoo) using a range of fishing methods.

Mangrove forest area
Current (2020)
0.3 km²
2050 Medium emissions
-29.9%
2050 High emissions
-34.7%
Seagrass meadow area
Current (2020)
129.8 km²
2050 Medium emissions
-58.9%
2050 High emissions
-66.7%
Coral reef area
Current (2020)
463.8 km²
2050 Medium emissions
0%
2050 High emissions
-23.4%
Coastal fisheries catch
Current (2021)
115 t/yr
2050 Medium emissions
+0.9%
2050 High emissions
-13.6%
Fishery value
Current (2021)
USD 0.6 M/yr
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Oceanic fisheries (current vs 2050)

Tuna fisheries — skipjack, yellowfin, bigeye and albacore. Habitat areas projected to shift with ocean temperature, stratification and oxygen content changes.

Oceanic (tuna) catch
Current (2022)
1957 t
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Fishery value (locally-based)
Current (2022)
USD 3 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Fishery value (foreign-based)
Current (2022)
USD 0 M
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions
Skipjack biomass
Current (2020)
2050 Medium emissions
+9%
2050 High emissions
+1%

Freshwater & estuarine fisheries (current vs 2050)

Inland fisheries are expected to be affected by changes in rainfall patterns, river flow, and habitat accessibility by 2050.

Fishery catch
Current (2021)
1 t
2050 Medium emissions
+2.4%
2050 High emissions
+2.6%
Fishery value
Current (2021)
USD 4900
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Aquaculture (current vs 2050)

Mariculture impacted by sea surface temperature, ocean acidification and intense storms. Freshwater aquaculture may benefit from increased freshwater habitat but face disease and temperature pressure.

Main commodities farmed

tilapia and giant clams (ranching for wild restocking)

Annual production
Current (annual)
8 t
2050 Medium emissions
2050 High emissions

Livelihoods & economies (current vs 2050)

Fisheries and aquaculture provide household income, jobs and government revenue. Climate-driven changes will affect employment and economic contribution.

0.2%
Fisheries & aquaculture contribution to GDP
2500
Employment in coastal fisheries
2500
Employment in oceanic fisheries
USD 3.6M
Total value of fisheries & aquaculture
USD 0M
Government revenue from offshore licence fees

Aquatic food security (current vs 2050)

Aquatic (blue) foods provide an important source of nutrition. Population growth combined with climate impacts may create deficits in fish supply.

Fish consumption per person
Current (current)
16 kg/yr
2050 Medium emissions
1.7 kg/yr
2050 High emissions
1.7 kg/yr
Projected fish deficit per person
Current (current)
0 kg/yr
2050 Medium emissions
-13.8 kg/yr
2050 High emissions
-13.8 kg/yr
Food security vulnerability: high

Drivers of impact on fish availability by 2050: 94% climate change · 6% population change

Blue food production systems (current vs 2050)

Blue foods contribute to nutrition security, economies, livelihoods and jobs. Climate impacts on coastal, oceanic, freshwater fisheries and aquaculture together determine the system's resilience.

are most important for their economic contributions. Compared to other Pacific islands, projected climate impacts to blue food production by 2050 are medium-high.

Climate risk to blue food systems 2050: medium

Recommended adaptation: Food & nutrition security

  • Implement sustainable ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management Food and Nutrition 4
  • Promote education and awareness on the importance of protecting aquatic habitats, species and the foods they supply

Recommended adaptation: Sustainable livelihoods

  • Improve technical and business viability of fisheries

Recommended adaptation: Economies & government revenue

  • Develop policies and strategies that integrate climate change implications into fisheries and aquaculture management
  • Implement energy efficiency programs for fisheries and aquaculture Economic Revenue 4
  • Climate-proof infrastructure

Community-based Fisheries Management — American Samoa

Source: Govan & Lalavanua 2022 (SPC), updated from FAO & SPC Outlook 2026. See the regional CBFM Report for full analysis.

0%
Community coverage
Limited / starting
0
Active CBFM sites
0 / 74
Communities (covered / total)
4
Coastal fisheries staff
Programme: Community-based Fisheries Management Program (CFMP)
Lead agency: American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources (DMWR)
Tenure status: Practical arrangements — Customary land exists (48 USC §1706) but community management rights supported via CFMP regulation
Legal framework: A.S.A.C §24.1001 Title 24 (Ecosystem Protection); American Samoa Administrative Code 24 CAP.10 (CFMP) 2008
CBFM scaling strategy: Not yet finalised
6 sites in progress under CFMP. Restart of programme; previously had active sites that lapsed.

Coastal fisheries in American Samoa

demersal fish (including snapper, jobfish, emperor, surgeonfish, parrotfish and jacks), invertebrates (e.g. palolo) and species gleaned from intertidal habitats (e.g. octopus), and nearshore pelagic fish (including tuna and wahoo) using a range of fishing methods.

Detailed coastal fisheries status, community-based fisheries management (CBFM) projects, and per-country indicators from the SPC Coastal Fishery Report Cards are being progressively published. See Resources tab for the most recent annual SPC Coastal Fishery Report Card.

Tuna fisheries in American Samoa

The Pacific is home to the world's largest tuna fishery, with member countries' EEZs producing over half of the global tuna catch. American Samoa's EEZ covers 404,391 km², providing significant access to tuna and other oceanic resources.

Per-country tuna fishery indicators (catch, employment, GDP contribution, license revenue) are being extracted from the FFA Tuna Fishery Report Cards and Gillett (2023) Benefish economic study. See Resources tab for the most recent annual FFA Tuna Fishery Report Card.

Fisheries Contributions to American Samoa's Economy

This section summarises fisheries' contribution to American Samoa's economy, drawn from Chapter 20 of Benefish Study 4 (Gillett & Fong 2023). The country reports harvest across 5 fishery sectors, with data spanning 1999–2021.
Source: Gillett R. and Fong M. 2023. Fisheries in the economies of Pacific Island countries and territories (Benefish Study 4). Noumea, New Caledonia: Pacific Community. 704 pp.
1.1K t
Total 2021 harvest
All sectors combined
US$3.6M
Total 2021 value
In national currency
Locally Based
Largest sector (by value)
US$3.0M in 2021

Harvest by sector (1999 → 2021)

Volume and economic value of fisheries production by sector, from successive Benefish studies. Use the toggle to switch between volume (tonnes) and value (US$).

Key findings from Benefish Study 4

20.2 Contribution of fishing to GDP

Current official contribution Estimates of the GDP of American Samoa are made by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce, under the Statistical Improvement Program funded by the Office of Insular Affairs of the U.S. Department of the Interior. The BEA also makes GDP estimates for Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The BEA estimated that the GDP of American Samoa was US$716 million in 2020 and US$709 in 2021 (BEA 2022).

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

20.3 Exports of fishery production

The fishery exports of American Samoa consist largely of canned tuna and by-products of the canneries. Table 20-6 (from Statistics Division [2021]) shows the annual values of the fishery exports and compares them with the value of all domestic exports. The latest year for which the fishery exports are readily available is 2019.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

20.4 Government revenue from fisheries

Access fees for offshore fishing There is currently no foreign fishing in the American Samoa zone. United States vessels are considered to be domestic vessels. Other government revenue from fisheries The Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources issues several fishing licences per month, at a cost of US$10 per license. The revenue generated is deposited in the general fund of the Government of American Samoa.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

20.5 Fisheries-related employment

Employment in American Samoa that is directly related to fisheries has two distinct main components: involvement in activities related to fishing and jobs at tuna canneries. The background of the canneries (Box 20-3) is important for an understanding of their importance in fisheries-related employment in American Samoa.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →

20.6 Fish consumption

Staff of the Statistics Division of the Department of Commerce and of the Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources in American Samoa indicate that they are not aware of any recent surveys covering fish consumption in the territory. The following information comes from earlier studies: • Gillett and Preston (1997) estimate that the production from coastal fisheries (commercial and subsistence) in American Samoa in the early 1990s equated to an annual per capita fish supply of 5.7 kg.

Full chapter section in Benefish Study 4 →